INDIA'S SATELLIITE PROGRAMME:
From begining to recent times India launch different Satellites at time to time to space. From Aryabhata to EDUSAT India carries a succesful Satellite mission programme.
1. Aryabhata:
India launched its first experimental Aryabhata satellite on April 19, 1975, from a Soviet cosmodrome to perform scientific X-ray experiments in space and send back data to earth.
2. Bhaskara-I:
India’s second 436 kg satellite Bhaskara-I was launched on June 7, 1979, to collect information on India’s land, water, forest and ocean resources.
3. Rohini:
The Rohini series of satellites were designed and built for Indian scientific programmes. Four satellites were launched in the Rohini series; Rohini-1A, -1B, -2 and -3. The Rohini-1B was also the fi rst Indian satellite launched by an Indian rocket.
ROHINI 1B: ROHINI 1B was launched on July 18, 1980, from Sriharikota aboard the SLV-3. It was India’s first successful launch. This experimental satellite followed the failure of the Rohini-1A on August 10, 1979. It re- entered orbit on May 20, 1981.
ROHINI 2: ROHINI 2 was launched on May 31, 1981, by SLV-3 from Sriharikota.
ROHINI 3: ROHINI 3 was launched on April 17, 1983, from Sriharikota aboard the SLV-3. It carried two cameras and L-band beacon. This satellite returned around 5000 earth images before being deactivated on September 24, 1984. It reentered orbit on April 19, 1990.
4. APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment):
India’s first experimental, geostationary satellite weighing APPLE 673 kg was launched on June 19, 1981.
5. Bhaskara-II:
India’s second satellite Bhaskara-II for earth observation was launched on November 20, 1981.
6. SLV Mission (Satellite Launch Vehicle):
India’s first satellite launch vehicle SLV–3 was successfully launched on July 18, 1980, from Sriharikota. Rohini-2
(RS–D2) was put into orbit on April 17, 1983, using SLV–3 and this completed the planned developmental flights of the SLV–3.
7. IRS Mission (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite):
IRS–1A: India’s first IRS was launched on March 17, 1988 for monitoring and management of natural resources.
IRS–1B: India’s second remote sensing satellite was launched on August 29, 1991 to replace IRS–IA which was nearing the end of its life. The IRS system has been further enhanced by IRS–IC, IRS–P3, IRS–ID and IRS–P4, the last three having been launched on December 1995, by a Russian rocket and IRS– ID launched by PSLV on September 29, 1997.
IRS–P3: IRS–P3 was launched by the third developmental flight of PSLV–D3 on March 21, 1996. Another satellite IRS–P4
(OCEANSAT) was launched by PSLV on May 26, 1999. Two more satellites, IRS–P5 and IRS–P6 for cartography and agricultural resources survey respectively are planned for launch in next three years.
8. ASLV Mission (Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle): ASLV is designed to augment indigenous satellite launching capability and put 150 kg class satellite into low earth orbit.
9. SROSS (Stretched Rohini Satellite Series):
After failure of two ASLV launches, SROSS–III, a 105 kg satellite was successfully placed in a 450 km high orbit via the launching of ASLV–D3, on May 20, 1992.
According to the ISRO it was a partial success which established India’s capabilities in liquid propulsion system.
10. INSAT Mission (Indian National Satellite System):
The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. INSAT was established in 1983, INSAT is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia Pacific Region with nine satellites in operation — INSAT–2E, INSAT–3A, INSAT–3B, INSAT–3C, INSAT–3E, KALPANA–1, GSAT–2, EDUSAT, INSAT–4A, GSAT-8, GSAT-10 etc. EDUSAT is the world’s first satellite dedicated to education and it was launched in September, 2004.
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